Review on the Geophysical and UAV-Based Methods Applied to Landslides

Landslides (LS) represent geomorphological processes that can induce changes over time in the physical, hydrogeological, and mechanical properties of involved materials. For geohazard assessment, variations these might be detected by a wide range non-intrusive techniques, which sometimes confusing due to their significant variation accuracy, suitability, coverage area, logistics, timescale, cost, integration potential; this paper reviews common geophysical methods (GM) categorized as Emitted Seismic Ambient Noise based proposes an integrated approach between them for improving landslide studies; level (among themselves) is important step ahead integrating data with remote sensing data. The aforementioned GMs help construct framework on physical may linked site characterization (e.g., its subsurface channel geometry, recharge pathways, rock fragments, mass flow rate, etc.) dynamics quantification rheology, saturation, fracture process, toe erosion, deformation marks spatiotemporally dependent geogenic pore-water pressure feedback through joint analysis series, displacement hydrometeorological measurements from ground, air space). A review use unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) photogrammetry investigation landslides was also conducted highlight latest advancement discuss synergy UAV four possible broader areas: (i) survey planning, (ii) LS investigation, (iii) (iv) presentation results GIS environment. Additionally, endogenous source mechanisms lead appearance surface provide ground monitoring early warning systems. Further development area requires UAVs adopt more multispectral other advanced sensors where are one well climatic enable Artificial Intelligent prediction LS.